Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) Exposed to Several Toxicants: Effects on Survival, Reproduction and Avoidance Behaviour
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this study, the effect of pesticides with different modes of action is assessed in the standard test species Enchytraeus albidus. These are important inhabitants of a wide variety of soil types and suitable test organisms for environmental risk assessment through the determination of effects on survival and reproduction. The main goals of this study were to test the toxicity of a range of pesticides to E. albidus in a natural soil and to assess if avoidance can be used to predict survival and reproduction effects. Moreover, it was proposed to investigate if the organisms’ response to different toxics can be grouped into the respective chemical classes. Pesticides selected were the: (1) herbicides: phenmedipham and atrazine; (2) fungicides: carbendazim and pentachlorophenol; (3) insecticides: dimethoate and lindane. All tested pesticides caused effects in the survival and reproduction of E. albidus. The compounds that showed a higher toxicity were carbendazim, dimethoate and atrazine. Reproduction was usually the most sensitive endpoint and avoidance the least. The effect concentrations were not chemical class dependent.
منابع مشابه
Gene Expression Responses Linked to Reproduction Effect Concentrations (EC10,20,50,90) of Dimethoate, Atrazine and Carbendazim, in Enchytraeus albidus
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms of response to pesticides are scarce and information on such responses from soil invertebrates is almost inexistent. Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) is a standard soil ecotoxicology model species for which effects of many pesticides are known on survival, reproduction and avoidance behaviour. With the recent microarray development additional information can be ...
متن کاملEffect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on geographically different populations of the freeze-tolerant worm Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta).
Freeze-tolerant organisms survive internal ice formation; however, the adaptations to repeated freeze-thaw cycles are often not well investigated. Here we report how three geographically different populations of Enchytraeus albidus (Germany, Iceland and Svalbard) respond to three temperature treatments - constant thawed (0°C), constant freezing (-5°C) and fluctuating temperature (0 to -5°C) - o...
متن کاملEnchytraeus albidus Microarray: Enrichment, Design, Annotation and Database (EnchyBASE)
Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) is an ecologically relevant species used as standard test organisms for risk assessment. Effects of stressors in this species are commonly determined at the population level using reproduction and survival as endpoints. The assessment of transcriptomic responses can be very useful e.g. to understand underlying mechanisms of toxicity with gene expression fingerp...
متن کاملSoil salinity increases survival of freezing in the enchytraeid Enchytraeus albidus.
Enchytraeus albidus is a freeze-tolerant enchytraeid found in diverse habitats, ranging from supralittoral to terrestrial and spanning temperate to arctic regions. Its freeze tolerance is well known but the effect of salinity in this strategy is still poorly understood. We therefore studied the combined effect of salinity (0, 15, 35, 50‰ NaCl) and sub-zero temperatures (-5, -14, -20°C) on the f...
متن کاملEnchytraeus albidus (Henle 1837), which inhabits shorelines and organically rich soils of northern Europe, Greenland and Svalbard. Enchytraeus albidus remains near the surface of soils and in rotting
3843 ABSTRACT Freeze-tolerant organisms survive internal ice formation; however, the adaptations to repeated freeze–thaw cycles are often not well investigated. Here we report how three geographically different populations of Enchytraeus albidus (Germany, Iceland and Svalbard) respond to three temperature treatments – constant thawed (0°C), constant freezing (−5°C) and fluctuating temperature (...
متن کامل